What are the working principles and characteristics of Optical Coherence Tomography？
Angio OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to observe the vascular structure and blood flow dynamics of the retina and choroid at high resolution. It combines the cross-sectional imaging capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) with blood flow analysis and is widely used in the field of ophthalmology.
Working principle
The core technology of Angio OCT is to identify blood flow by detecting the scattering patterns of light signals over time, such as flowing red blood cells. This method produces three-dimensional images of blood vessels in the eye without the need for contrast injections.
Main feature
- Non-invasive: Unlike fluorescent angiography (FA) or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), Angio OCT does not require dye injection, reducing patient discomfort and risk.
High resolution: The ability to produce high-resolution images of microvascular networks, especially in the retinal and choroidal capillary layers. - Fast imaging: The scanning speed is fast, and the entire inspection can be completed in a few seconds.
- Three-dimensional imaging: The vascular structure of retina and choroid can be displayed in layers to more intuitively reflect the location of the lesion.
Clinical application - Diabetic retinopathy:
Capillary occlusion, microvascular abnormalities and non-perfusion areas were detected. - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) :
The morphology and dynamics of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were observed. - Retinal vein occlusion:
To evaluate ischemic and neovascularization changes due to vascular obstruction. - Glaucoma:
The changes of blood flow in retinal nerve fiber layer were analyzed. - Mesoplasmic chorioretinopathy:
The choroidal blood flow dynamics and leakage were examined.
Technical limitation - Motion artifacts: The patient’s eye movement may cause image distortion.
- Deep structural signal attenuation: The ability to image deep choroidal vessels is limited.
3. Blood flow velocity dependence: Extremely slow or completely interrupted blood flow cannot be detected.
Future development direction
As the technology advances, Angio OCT continues to improve in terms of resolution, scan speed and signal processing, and may find more applications in a wider range of medical fields such as neurology or cardiovascular disease in the future.
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